Median Household Income
$72,253
National average: $83,894
14% below national average
Moving From North Dakota
Whether you're leaving Fargo for a larger job market, relocating from the Bakken oil fields after a bust cycle, or heading out of state from one of North Dakota's military bases — planning a long-distance move from North Dakota starts with understanding costs, timing, and which movers serve your route. Below you'll find real data on what North Dakota residents pay, where they're moving, and how to compare screened movers for free.
765,730
Population
$72,253
Median Income
$258,842
Median Home
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765,730
Population
$72,253
Median Income
$258,842
Median Home Value
16.6 minutes
Commute Time
35.1%
College Educated
11.9%
Poverty Rate
Overview
Why People Are Moving Out of North Dakota
North Dakota experienced a dramatic population surge during the Bakken oil boom of the early 2010s, when thousands of workers flooded into the western part of the state chasing high-paying energy jobs. Since oil prices crashed and stabilized at lower levels, that inflow has reversed — many of those workers have left, and the broader population growth has slowed considerably. The state's small population base means that even modest numbers of departures show up as significant percentage changes. North Dakota's extreme climate, geographic isolation, and limited economic diversity beyond energy and agriculture are the primary drivers of outmigration.
Fargo is the state's largest city and economic engine, anchored by healthcare (Sanford Health, Essentia Health), education (North Dakota State University), technology startups, and agriculture-related industries. The Fargo-Moorhead metro area — which spans the Minnesota border — accounts for roughly a third of the state's population and provides the most diverse job market. Despite this, Fargo's size limits career advancement in many fields, and residents seeking opportunities in tech, finance, or specialized industries often look to Minneapolis, Denver, or other larger metros.
Western North Dakota's economy revolves around the Bakken oil formation. Williston and Dickinson grew rapidly during the boom years, with housing shortages and sky-high rents for temporary workers. As oil production stabilized and automation reduced labor needs, the population contracted. Many oil workers came from Texas, Oklahoma, or other energy states and returned when the work dried up. Those who stayed face a limited local economy outside energy extraction.
The military presence at Minot Air Force Base and Grand Forks Air Force Base generates a steady stream of outbound moves as service members rotate to new assignments. Outside of Fargo, the oil patch, and military bases, North Dakota's economy is dominated by agriculture — wheat, soybeans, corn, and cattle — which supports small communities but provides limited career mobility. The most common outmigration patterns involve energy workers returning to their home states, military families transferring, young professionals seeking larger metros in Minnesota or Colorado, and retirees heading to warmer climates.
Cost of Living
How North Dakota Compares
Key financial metrics for North Dakota residents versus the national average.
Median Home Value
$258,842
National average: $447,430
42% below national average
Rent Burden
24.6%
National average: 33%
25% below national average
Median Age
34.8
National average: 37.6
7% below national average
Commute Time
16.6 minutes
National average: 26.4 minutes
37% below national average
College Educated
35.1%
National average: 38.3%
8% below national average
North Dakota's cost of living sits well below the national average, with some of the most affordable housing in the country outside the oil patch. Median home values in Fargo, Bismarck, and Grand Forks range from $250,000 to $300,000 — competitive by any national standard. Western North Dakota saw housing prices spike during the oil boom, with Williston rents rivaling those of major coastal cities at the peak, but prices have normalized as the boom cooled. The state's income tax is among the lowest in the nation, ranging from zero to 2.5 percent, and property taxes are moderate. Overall, North Dakota offers genuine affordability — which means residents leaving are rarely motivated by cost. When comparing North Dakota to a destination state, the financial advantage almost always favors staying, making career opportunity, lifestyle, and climate the real deciding factors.
Largest Cities
Top Cities in North Dakota
Key stats for the largest metro areas in North Dakota. These are the cities most movers service on routes out of the state.
| City | Population | Median Income | Home Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fargo | 231,541 | $66,998 | $281,634 |
| Bismarck | 100,537 | $78,387 | $300,819 |
| Grand Forks | 68,373 | $63,627 | $253,526 |
| Minot | 47,791 | $73,219 | $256,653 |
| West Fargo | 40,094 | $90,665 | $321,789 |
| Williston | 28,056 | $79,381 | $285,184 |
| Dickinson | 25,357 | $82,696 | $265,889 |
| Mandan | 24,522 | $71,780 | $257,971 |
| Jamestown | 15,787 | $56,554 | $192,511 |
| Wahpeton | 8,010 | $62,750 | $171,648 |
| Devils Lake | 7,308 | $43,220 | $153,217 |
| Valley City | 6,541 | $60,339 | $167,161 |
| Watford City | 6,039 | $102,260 | — |
| Minot AFB | 4,878 | $62,500 | — |
| Horace | 4,588 | $138,578 | $424,351 |
City Profiles
Moving From Key North Dakota Cities
What movers and residents should know about the largest metro areas in North Dakota.
Fargo
Pop. 231,541 Income $66,998 Home $281,634
Fargo is North Dakota's largest city and its most economically diverse metro area. The local economy spans healthcare (Sanford Health is one of the largest rural health systems in the country), education (North Dakota State University), technology, manufacturing, and agriculture services. The Fargo-Moorhead metro straddles the Minnesota border, providing access to both states' job markets. Moving from Fargo is straightforward — Interstate 94 runs east to Minneapolis (three and a half hours) and west to Bismarck, while Interstate 29 connects north to Winnipeg and south to Sioux Falls and Kansas City. Fargo's central location means most moves involve significant distances, which increases costs but also means carriers are experienced with long-haul routes.
Read full Fargo guide →Bismarck
Pop. 100,537 Income $78,387 Home $300,819
Bismarck is the state capital and the economic hub of central North Dakota. State government is the largest employer, alongside healthcare (CHI St. Alexius Health, Sanford Health), energy companies, and agriculture-related businesses. Bismarck's economy is more stable than western North Dakota's oil-dependent communities but offers fewer career options than Fargo. Residents leaving Bismarck commonly head to Fargo for a larger metro experience, to Minneapolis or Denver for significantly bigger job markets, or to warmer states for retirement. Interstate 94 provides east-west access, and U.S. Highway 83 connects north to Minot and south through South Dakota.
Read full Bismarck guide →Grand Forks
Pop. 68,373 Income $63,627 Home $253,526
Grand Forks is anchored by the University of North Dakota, Grand Forks Air Force Base, and a healthcare sector that serves the broader region. The university drives the local economy and culture, creating a college-town atmosphere that distinguishes Grand Forks from other North Dakota cities. Military families rotating out of the air force base represent a significant share of outbound moves. The city's location on the Minnesota border provides some access to the Twin Cities job market, though the four-hour drive limits daily commuting. Interstate 29 provides the primary route south to Fargo and beyond.
Minot
Pop. 47,791 Income $73,219 Home $256,653
Minot serves as the economic center of north-central North Dakota, with Minot Air Force Base as its most significant employer. The base houses the 5th Bomb Wing and 91st Missile Wing, making it a critical component of the nation's nuclear deterrence. Military transfers drive the majority of outbound moves from Minot. The civilian economy includes healthcare, agriculture, and retail serving the surrounding rural area. Minot's remote location — it is roughly 110 miles from the Canadian border and over 300 miles from the nearest large metro — means that any move from here is inherently long-distance. U.S. Highway 2 and U.S. Highway 83 are the primary routes out.
Williston
Pop. 28,056 Income $79,381 Home $285,184
Williston became synonymous with the Bakken oil boom, transforming from a quiet agricultural town into one of the fastest-growing communities in the country during the early 2010s. The population surged, housing was scarce, and wages in the oil fields dwarfed what workers could earn elsewhere. As oil prices stabilized and production became more automated, the frenzy subsided. Many transient workers returned to their home states — Texas, Oklahoma, and other energy regions. Those still in Williston work in oil production, pipeline operations, or supporting industries. Moving from Williston involves significant distances to any major metro, with Fargo roughly six hours east and Billings, Montana about four hours west.
Planning Your Move
What to Know Before Leaving North Dakota
What Your Move Will Likely Cost
Moving out of North Dakota typically costs $2,500–$7,000 for a 2-bedroom household, depending on distance. North Dakota's remote location means most moves are long-distance — even a move to Minneapolis from Fargo covers about 240 miles. Moves to neighboring states like Minnesota, Montana, or South Dakota run $1,500–$3,500, while cross-country moves to the coasts range from $4,500–$9,000. Carrier options are more limited than in high-population states, so book early. Getting 3–5 quotes is the best way to find your actual number.
Timing and Seasonal Considerations
North Dakota winters are among the harshest in the country — temperatures regularly drop below zero degrees Fahrenheit from December through February, and blizzards can shut down highways for days. Moving during winter is risky and should be avoided if possible. The optimal window is May through September, when roads are clear and temperatures are manageable. Late spring and early fall offer the best combination of comfortable weather and moderate pricing. If you must move in winter, build extra time into your schedule for weather delays.
Taxes and Financial Factors
North Dakota has one of the lowest income tax burdens in the country, with rates ranging from zero to 2.5 percent. Property taxes are moderate, and the overall cost of living is low. If you are moving to a no-income-tax state like Texas or Florida, the tax savings will be minimal compared to moving from a high-tax state. If you are moving to Minnesota, Colorado, or another state with higher income taxes, expect your tax bill to increase. Factor in the complete cost-of-living picture, including housing, utilities, and transportation.
Military Moving Considerations
Minot Air Force Base and Grand Forks Air Force Base generate a steady stream of outbound military moves. Moves under orders typically qualify for government-funded relocation through the Defense Personal Property Program. If you opt for a Personally Procured Move, you can receive reimbursement based on the government's estimated cost. North Dakota's remote location means military moves from here tend to cover long distances — plan for extended transit times and build flexibility into your delivery expectations.
Preparing for a Long-Distance Haul
Almost every move from North Dakota is a long-distance move. This means movers charge by weight and distance, and transit times are measured in days rather than hours. Start packing early, declutter aggressively to reduce weight, and ship a detailed inventory to your mover. North Dakota homes often have basements, garages, and outbuildings that accumulate items over time. Reducing your shipment by 1,000 pounds saves $300–$500 or more on these distances.
Utilities and Address Changes
Before leaving North Dakota, schedule disconnects with your local utility providers — Montana-Dakota Utilities, Xcel Energy, or your local electric cooperative. File a change of address with USPS at least two weeks before moving. Update your address with the North Dakota DOT, Office of State Tax Commissioner, your bank, insurance providers, and subscription services.
Timeline
Your North Dakota Moving Timeline
1
8 Weeks Before
Research and compare movers
Start collecting quotes from licensed interstate movers early. North Dakota's lower population density means fewer local carrier options — you may need to work with national carriers that dispatch from regional hubs. Verify USDOT numbers and check FMCSA complaint history.
2
6 Weeks Before
Declutter and create an inventory
Go room by room and decide what to keep, sell, donate, or discard. Create a detailed inventory for your mover and insurance purposes. Pay special attention to basements, garages, and any outbuildings.
3
4 Weeks Before
Book your mover and confirm dates
Lock in your preferred moving company and sign the contract. Confirm pickup and delivery windows, and get realistic transit time estimates given the distances involved. Military families should coordinate with the Transportation Management Office.
4
3 Weeks Before
Start packing non-essentials
Begin with seasonal items, books, decor, and anything you will not need before moving day. Label every box with contents and destination room. If hiring packers, confirm their schedule.
5
2 Weeks Before
Transfer utilities and update your address
Schedule disconnects with Montana-Dakota Utilities, Xcel Energy, or your local provider. File a USPS change of address. Notify the North Dakota DOT, Office of State Tax Commissioner, your bank, employer, and insurance providers.
6
1 Week Before
Confirm everything with your mover
Reconfirm the pickup window, review your inventory, and clarify access instructions. Pack an essentials box with documents, medications, chargers, warm clothing, and a change of clothes. Monitor the weather forecast for any developing storms.
7
Moving Day
Supervise loading and document condition
Be present when movers load. Note conditions on the inventory sheet. Take photos of valuable items. Confirm delivery details and expected transit time with the crew. If moving during a transitional season, have a contingency plan for weather delays.
8
First Week After
Settle in and handle paperwork
Register your vehicle and update your driver's license in your new state within the required timeframe. Transfer car insurance. Begin unpacking with essentials. If coming from an oil patch community, you may need to settle final utility accounts that were structured differently.
Demographics
North Dakota at a Glance
Household Income
Under $25K 15.3%
$25K–50K 19.3%
$50K–75K 17.5%
$75K–100K 13.9%
$100K–150K 17.7%
$150K+ 16.4%
Age Distribution
Under 20 26%
20–29 17.5%
30–39 14.5%
40–49 11.1%
50–59 9.7%
60+ 21.2%
Education Level
Less than High School 5.9%
High School 24.1%
Some College 34.9%
Bachelor's Degree 24.1%
Graduate Degree 11%
North Dakota's demographic profile is shaped by its small total population, vast geography, and the economic forces of energy and agriculture. The state has a relatively young median age compared to many states, driven partly by the influx of young oil workers during the Bakken boom and the student populations at the University of North Dakota and North Dakota State University. Household incomes are moderate — above the national median in energy-producing counties and military base communities, but below average in agricultural areas. Education levels are solid, with high school completion rates among the highest in the nation, though college attainment varies significantly between Fargo and rural communities. The income distribution reflects a broad middle class without the extreme wealth or poverty found in larger states. The population is predominantly white, with growing Native American and immigrant communities — including a significant refugee resettlement population in Fargo. These demographics drive outmigration patterns: young professionals seeking career advancement in bigger markets, oil workers following the next boom, military families on rotation, and retirees heading south to escape the brutal winters.
State Comparisons
How North Dakota Compares to Popular Moving Destinations
Side-by-side data for the states most North Dakota residents move to.
Moving From North Dakota to Minnesota
| Metric | North Dakota | Minnesota |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,253 | $88,422 |
| Median Home Value | $258,842 | $343,391 |
| Median Age | 34.8 | 36.3 |
| Commute Time | 16.6 minutes | 21.9 minutes |
| College Educated | 35.1% | 46.2% |
| Poverty Rate | 11.9% | 12.1% |
Minnesota is the most natural destination for North Dakotans, particularly those in Fargo where the Twin Cities are just three and a half hours east on Interstate 94. Minneapolis-Saint Paul offers a dramatically larger job market with strength in healthcare, Fortune 500 companies, technology, and finance. The metro area has more cultural and entertainment options than anywhere within hundreds of miles of North Dakota. Minnesota's income tax is significantly higher — topping out at 9.85 percent compared to North Dakota's maximum of 2.5 percent — but salaries tend to be higher as well. Housing costs in the Twin Cities are moderate by national standards, though significantly more than Fargo or Bismarck. The proximity makes this an easy transition geographically and culturally.
Moving From North Dakota to Montana
| Metric | North Dakota | Montana |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,253 | $70,825 |
| Median Home Value | $258,842 | $381,140 |
| Median Age | 34.8 | 38.9 |
| Commute Time | 16.6 minutes | 17.4 minutes |
| College Educated | 35.1% | 36.2% |
| Poverty Rate | 11.9% | 12.6% |
Montana draws North Dakotans seeking a different kind of rural lifestyle — one with mountain access, outdoor recreation, and scenic beauty that the Great Plains cannot match. Billings is the largest city and offers healthcare, energy, and agriculture employment. Bozeman and Missoula have become popular but expensive, driven by remote workers and retirees. Montana has no state sales tax and no income tax as of recent reforms, making it financially competitive. Housing costs have risen sharply in destination towns like Bozeman and Whitefish. The western North Dakota oil patch has natural connections to eastern Montana, where the energy economy extends across the border.
Moving From North Dakota to South Dakota
| Metric | North Dakota | South Dakota |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,253 | $72,465 |
| Median Home Value | $258,842 | $255,997 |
| Median Age | 34.8 | 37.3 |
| Commute Time | 16.6 minutes | 16.9 minutes |
| College Educated | 35.1% | 32.8% |
| Poverty Rate | 11.9% | 12.3% |
South Dakota offers a similar Great Plains lifestyle with a key financial advantage: no state income tax at all. Sioux Falls is the most common destination, offering a growing economy, healthcare sector, and quality of life that rivals Fargo. Rapid City in the Black Hills provides mountain access and tourism-related employment. The cultural transition is minimal — both states share agricultural roots, harsh winters, and small-town values. Housing costs in South Dakota are comparable to North Dakota's. The move is typically driven by specific job opportunities or the desire to stay in the northern plains while reducing taxes further.
Moving From North Dakota to Texas
| Metric | North Dakota | Texas |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,253 | $76,235 |
| Median Home Value | $258,842 | $304,205 |
| Median Age | 34.8 | 34.7 |
| Commute Time | 16.6 minutes | 25.4 minutes |
| College Educated | 35.1% | 35.6% |
| Poverty Rate | 11.9% | 15.8% |
Texas draws North Dakotans — particularly those in the oil and gas industry — with its massive energy economy, no state income tax, and dramatically warmer climate. The Permian Basin in West Texas and the Houston energy corridor offer familiar work for Bakken oil field veterans. Dallas-Fort Worth provides a diversified economy beyond energy. The distance is significant — Fargo to Dallas is roughly 1,100 miles — making this a major long-distance move. Housing costs in Texas vary widely, from very affordable in smaller cities to expensive in Austin and Houston's desirable neighborhoods. The climate change alone is enough to motivate many North Dakotans.
Moving From North Dakota to Colorado
| Metric | North Dakota | Colorado |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,253 | $96,496 |
| Median Home Value | $258,842 | $571,322 |
| Median Age | 34.8 | 36.5 |
| Commute Time | 16.6 minutes | 24.5 minutes |
| College Educated | 35.1% | 49% |
| Poverty Rate | 11.9% | 10.3% |
Colorado attracts North Dakotans with its combination of outdoor recreation, growing tech economy, and a lifestyle that feels more dynamic than the Great Plains while still being in the Mountain West region. Denver and its suburbs offer a large job market with strength in tech, aerospace, energy, and healthcare. Colorado's energy sector draws oil and gas workers looking for a more urban lifestyle than Williston or Dickinson can offer. The income tax rate is a flat 4.4 percent — higher than North Dakota's but low by national standards. Housing costs in the Denver metro have risen dramatically, and the Front Range is significantly more expensive than any North Dakota community. The move typically covers 700–900 miles from most North Dakota cities.
Common Routes
Where People From North Dakota Move
The most popular destinations for residents leaving North Dakota, based on migration patterns.
MN
Minnesota
Popular cities: Minneapolis, St. Paul, Rochester, Duluth
MT
Montana
Popular cities: Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman
SD
South Dakota
Popular cities: Sioux Falls, Rapid City, Aberdeen, Brookings
TX
Texas
Popular cities: Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Austin
CO
Colorado
Popular cities: Denver, Colorado Springs, Aurora, Fort Collins
FAQ
Common Questions About Moving From North Dakota
How much does it cost to move out of North Dakota?
Moves to neighboring states like Minnesota, Montana, or South Dakota run $1,500–$3,500 for a 2-bedroom. Moves to Texas or Colorado range from $3,000–$6,000. Cross-country moves cost $4,500–$9,000. North Dakota's remote location adds to transit costs. Get 3–5 quotes for your route.
Where do most people from North Dakota move to?
The most common destinations are Minnesota, Montana, South Dakota, Texas, and Colorado. Minnesota draws professionals seeking larger job markets. Texas attracts energy workers. Colorado appeals to those seeking outdoor recreation and a growing economy.
When is the cheapest time to move from North Dakota?
Late spring and early fall (May and September through October) offer the best balance of weather and pricing. Winter moves are risky due to extreme cold and blizzards. Summer is peak season with higher prices. Avoid moving during January and February when conditions are most dangerous.
Can I move during a North Dakota winter?
It is possible but not recommended. Temperatures below zero, icy roads, and blizzards that can close highways for days create serious risks. If you must move in winter, build at least three to five extra days into your timeline for weather delays and ensure your mover has experience with northern routes.
How do I choose a mover for a long-distance move from North Dakota?
Compare at least 3 quotes from licensed interstate movers. Given the lower volume of moves from North Dakota, you may primarily work with national carriers rather than local companies. Verify USDOT numbers, check FMCSA records, and confirm experience with long-haul routes. MoveFinch screens movers for North Dakota routes.
What are the tax differences between North Dakota and popular destination states?
North Dakota has a very low income tax ranging from zero to 2.5 percent. Minnesota's rate reaches 9.85 percent — a significant increase. Texas, South Dakota, and Montana have no income tax. Colorado has a flat 4.4 percent. Compare the full picture including property taxes, sales taxes, and cost of living.
How long does a long-distance move from North Dakota take?
Moves to Minnesota take 1–3 days. Moves to Texas or Colorado take 3–5 days. Cross-country moves to the coasts take 7–14 days. North Dakota's distance from major population centers adds transit time. Get delivery windows in writing.
Do I need to update my driver's license after leaving North Dakota?
Yes. Most states require a new license within 30 to 90 days of establishing residency. Bring your North Dakota license, proof of new address, identity documents, and Social Security card.
Should I move myself or hire movers?
Given the long distances involved in most moves from North Dakota, professional movers are usually worth the cost. A rental truck from Fargo to Dallas costs $1,500–$2,500 in fuel and rental fees alone. For shorter moves to Minnesota or South Dakota, self-moving may save money. Compare both options for your situation.
What should I look for in a moving contract?
Look for a binding estimate, detailed inventory, pickup and delivery windows, total price with no hidden fees, and liability coverage. Confirm weight or volume basis and delivery timeline. For North Dakota moves, pay close attention to delivery windows — long transit times and weather factors can affect schedules.
Making the Decision to Leave North Dakota
For many North Dakota residents, the decision to leave comes down to what the state simply cannot offer: a large and diversified job market, mild winters, or the cultural amenities found in bigger cities. North Dakota's strengths are real — low cost of living, low taxes, tight-knit communities, and a quality of life that works well for families and those in agriculture, energy, or healthcare. But for young professionals seeking career advancement, oil workers between boom cycles, or retirees tired of negative-thirty-degree mornings, the pull of larger or warmer places is strong.
Military families at Minot and Grand Forks air force bases face a simpler calculus — orders dictate the move, and the only decisions are logistical. Understanding government relocation entitlements and building extra time into the schedule for North Dakota's weather challenges are the critical planning steps.
If you're considering a move from North Dakota, start with accurate cost estimates for your specific route. The state's remote location means higher baseline costs for most destinations, and fewer carrier options require earlier planning. Comparing quotes from multiple screened movers gives you a real number to budget around, and from there you can decide whether the Peace Garden State's quiet affordability still matches your life's direction.
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