Median Household Income
$72,465
National average: $83,894
14% below national average
Moving From South Dakota
Whether you're leaving Sioux Falls for a larger job market, relocating from Rapid City for a career change, or heading out of the Mount Rushmore State for warmer weather — planning a long-distance move from South Dakota starts with understanding costs, timing, and which movers serve your route. Below you'll find real data on what South Dakota residents pay, where they're moving, and how to compare screened movers for free.
738,320
Population
$72,465
Median Income
$255,997
Median Home
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738,320
Population
$72,465
Median Income
$255,997
Median Home Value
16.9 minutes
Commute Time
32.8%
College Educated
12.3%
Poverty Rate
Overview
Why People Are Moving Out of South Dakota
South Dakota is a state that more people are moving to than leaving, drawn by no state income tax, an extremely low cost of living, and a business-friendly environment. But the outflow is real, driven primarily by the state's small population, limited career diversity, and harsh winters that test the resolve of even longtime residents. With fewer than 900,000 people statewide, South Dakota simply cannot offer the breadth of career opportunities, cultural amenities, and lifestyle options that larger states provide. For many residents — especially younger professionals and families — the decision to leave is about finding something that does not exist within the state's borders.
Sioux Falls is South Dakota's economic engine and its only city that functions at a metro scale. The city's economy is anchored by healthcare (Sanford Health and Avera Health are two of the largest employers in the Dakotas), financial services (Citibank's credit card operations, Wells Fargo), retail, and a growing tech sector. Sioux Falls has experienced consistent growth and offers a quality of life that regularly lands it on national "best places to live" lists. But its job market, while strong for a city of 200,000, cannot compete with the diversity and depth of a Minneapolis, Denver, or Omaha. Professionals who hit a career ceiling in Sioux Falls often need to leave the state to advance.
Rapid City serves as the economic hub of western South Dakota, with an economy driven by tourism (Mount Rushmore, Badlands National Park, Custer State Park), Ellsworth Air Force Base, healthcare, and regional services. The Black Hills region offers a distinct lifestyle — more rugged and outdoor-oriented than the eastern part of the state — but its economy is seasonal and limited. Aberdeen, Brookings, Watertown, and other smaller cities depend on agriculture, education, and local services, with even fewer career paths.
The most common outmigration patterns involve young professionals heading to Minneapolis for a larger job market, families relocating to Colorado, Nebraska, or other states for career diversity, military families transferring from Ellsworth Air Force Base, retirees seeking warmer winters in Arizona or Texas, and agricultural families whose operations have consolidated or whose children have sought careers outside farming.
Cost of Living
How South Dakota Compares
Key financial metrics for South Dakota residents versus the national average.
Median Home Value
$255,997
National average: $447,430
43% below national average
Rent Burden
25.9%
National average: 33%
22% below national average
Median Age
37.3
National average: 37.6
1% below national average
Commute Time
16.9 minutes
National average: 26.4 minutes
36% below national average
College Educated
32.8%
National average: 38.3%
14% below national average
South Dakota's cost of living is well below the national average, making it one of the most affordable states in the country. Housing costs are particularly low — Sioux Falls and Rapid City offer homeownership at prices that would be unthinkable in most metro areas. Smaller cities like Aberdeen, Watertown, and Mitchell are even more affordable, with median home values far below the national median. The absence of a state income tax means that take-home pay in South Dakota stretches further than in neighboring states like Minnesota or Iowa. Property taxes are moderate, and the overall tax burden is among the lightest in the country. When comparing South Dakota to a destination state, the key question is usually whether the higher costs elsewhere are justified by better career opportunities, more amenities, or a different lifestyle — because South Dakota will almost always win on pure affordability.
Largest Cities
Top Cities in South Dakota
Key stats for the largest metro areas in South Dakota. These are the cities most movers service on routes out of the state.
| City | Population | Median Income | Home Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sioux Falls | 207,648 | $75,970 | $292,462 |
| Rapid City | 92,897 | $70,870 | $300,076 |
| Aberdeen | 28,189 | $64,405 | $218,507 |
| Brookings | 23,948 | $63,493 | $263,159 |
| Watertown | 23,044 | $69,600 | $227,299 |
| Mitchell | 15,649 | $58,620 | $192,998 |
| Yankton | 15,540 | $67,804 | $224,460 |
| Huron | 14,385 | $61,452 | $153,920 |
| Pierre | 13,948 | $77,672 | $220,226 |
| Spearfish | 12,930 | $65,688 | $343,051 |
| Box Elder | 12,902 | $73,008 | $303,470 |
| Vermillion | 11,878 | $50,456 | $216,926 |
| Brandon | 10,996 | $110,806 | $335,771 |
| Harrisburg | 8,519 | $108,724 | $312,537 |
| Sturgis | 7,086 | $54,404 | $247,676 |
City Profiles
Moving From Key South Dakota Cities
What movers and residents should know about the largest metro areas in South Dakota.
Sioux Falls
Pop. 207,648 Income $75,970 Home $292,462
Sioux Falls is South Dakota's largest city and the economic center of the entire state, home to major healthcare systems (Sanford Health and Avera Health), financial services companies (Citibank's credit card operations, Wells Fargo), and a growing retail and tech sector. The city has experienced consistent population growth and offers an excellent quality of life with low crime, good schools, and affordable housing. Moving from Sioux Falls follows Interstate 90 west across the state or east to Minnesota, and Interstate 29 north to Fargo or south to Omaha and Kansas City. The city's growing population means more carrier options than you might expect for a metro of its size.
Read full Sioux Falls guide →Rapid City
Pop. 92,897 Income $70,870 Home $300,076
Rapid City is the gateway to the Black Hills and the economic hub of western South Dakota. The local economy depends on tourism (Mount Rushmore draws nearly three million visitors annually), Ellsworth Air Force Base, healthcare (Monument Health), and regional services. Rapid City offers a unique lifestyle — proximity to world-class outdoor recreation in the Black Hills, Badlands, and Custer State Park. Military families at Ellsworth account for a significant portion of outbound moves. Civilian residents who leave typically seek larger job markets or warmer climates. Interstate 90 provides the primary east-west route, connecting to Sioux Falls and beyond.
Read full Rapid City guide →Aberdeen
Pop. 28,189 Income $64,405 Home $218,507
Aberdeen is the largest city in northeastern South Dakota, serving as a regional hub for healthcare, education (Northern State University and Presentation College), agriculture, and retail. The city's economy is stable but limited in scope, and younger residents often leave for larger cities after completing their education. Aberdeen's extremely affordable housing and tight-knit community appeal to those who value small-town life, but career advancement typically requires relocating to Sioux Falls, Minneapolis, or another metro with more industry diversity.
Brookings
Pop. 23,948 Income $63,493 Home $263,159
Brookings is home to South Dakota State University, the state's largest university, and the city's economy revolves around education, research, agriculture, and the tech and engineering talent that SDSU produces. Daktronics, the world's leading manufacturer of electronic scoreboards, is headquartered in Brookings. The city's college-town character creates a young and educated population, but many graduates leave for larger job markets after completing their degrees — making Brookings a consistent source of outbound moves to Minneapolis, Denver, Omaha, and Sioux Falls.
Pierre
Pop. 13,948 Income $77,672 Home $220,226
Pierre is South Dakota's capital and one of the smallest state capitals in the country, with a population under 15,000. State government is the primary employer, supplemented by healthcare and regional services. Pierre's geographic isolation — it sits in the center of the state, more than three hours from Sioux Falls — limits its economic diversity and makes it a place people tend to leave for career advancement. Residents departing Pierre typically relocate to Sioux Falls for a larger job market or leave the state entirely for opportunities that the capital simply cannot provide.
City Moving Guides in South Dakota
Detailed guides for the most popular moving origins in South Dakota.
Planning Your Move
What to Know Before Leaving South Dakota
What Your Move Will Likely Cost
Moving out of South Dakota typically costs $2,000–$6,500 for a 2-bedroom household, depending on distance. Moves to neighboring states like Minnesota or Nebraska run $1,500–$3,500, while moves to Colorado range from $2,500–$5,000. Cross-country runs $4,500–$9,000. South Dakota's lower moving volume means fewer carrier options than major metros — start gathering quotes early. Getting 3–5 quotes is the best way to find your actual number.
Timing and Seasonal Considerations
South Dakota's winters are harsh — temperatures regularly drop below zero from December through February, with heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions that can shut down highways for days. Moving during winter is risky and difficult, though rates are at their lowest. Spring and fall offer the best balance of reasonable weather and moderate pricing. Summer is the most pleasant time to move but also the most expensive. If crossing mountain passes to Colorado, check road conditions regardless of season.
Taxes and Financial Factors
South Dakota has no state income tax, which is a significant financial advantage that you will likely lose when moving to most other states. Minnesota's top rate is 9.85 percent, Colorado's flat rate is 4.4 percent, and Nebraska's top rate is 5.84 percent. Before moving, calculate exactly how much more you will pay in state income tax at your destination. For some residents, the tax increase alone is enough to reconsider the move — or to choose a destination state carefully.
Carrier Availability in Rural Areas
If you live outside Sioux Falls or Rapid City, carrier availability may be limited. Smaller cities like Aberdeen, Pierre, Watertown, and Brookings have fewer movers servicing their routes. You may need to drive belongings to a hub city or pay a premium for pickup in a less-populated area. Start your search early — at least 8 to 10 weeks before your move — to ensure you have options.
Downsizing Before Your Move
Long-distance movers charge by weight and volume. South Dakota homes often come with garages, sheds, and basements that accumulate tools, outdoor equipment, and seasonal items over the years. Start decluttering six weeks before your move. Sioux Falls has an active resale market on Facebook Marketplace. In smaller cities, consider donating or hosting a garage sale. Reducing your shipment by 1,000 pounds saves $300–$500.
Utilities and Address Changes
Before leaving South Dakota, schedule disconnects with Xcel Energy, Black Hills Energy, MidAmerican Energy, or your local utility provider. File a change of address with USPS at least two weeks before moving. Update your address with the South Dakota Department of Public Safety (driver's license), the Department of Revenue, your bank, insurance providers, and subscription services.
Timeline
Your South Dakota Moving Timeline
1
8 Weeks Before
Research and compare movers
Start collecting quotes from licensed interstate movers. South Dakota's lower moving volume means fewer carriers — begin early to ensure availability. Verify USDOT numbers and check FMCSA complaint history for every company you consider.
2
6 Weeks Before
Declutter and create an inventory
Go room by room — including garages, basements, and sheds — and decide what to keep, sell, donate, or discard. Create a detailed inventory for your mover and insurance purposes.
3
4 Weeks Before
Book your mover and confirm dates
Lock in your preferred moving company and sign the contract. Confirm pickup logistics, especially if you live in a rural area where truck access may be an issue. Discuss weather contingency plans if moving during winter or early spring.
4
3 Weeks Before
Start packing non-essentials
Begin with seasonal items, books, decor, and anything you will not need before moving day. Label every box with contents and destination room.
5
2 Weeks Before
Transfer utilities and update your address
Schedule disconnects with Xcel Energy, Black Hills Energy, or your local utility. File a USPS change of address. Notify the South Dakota Department of Public Safety, Department of Revenue, your bank, employer, and insurance providers.
6
1 Week Before
Confirm everything with your mover
Reconfirm the pickup window, review your inventory, and clarify access instructions. Check weather forecasts carefully — South Dakota weather can change rapidly. Pack an essentials box with documents, medications, and a change of clothes.
7
Moving Day
Supervise loading and document condition
Be present when movers load. Note conditions on the inventory sheet. Take photos of valuable items. Confirm delivery details with the crew. If weather is a concern, ensure items are properly wrapped and protected.
8
First Week After
Settle in and handle paperwork
Register your vehicle and update your driver's license in your new state within the required timeframe. Transfer car insurance. If your new state has an income tax, set up withholding or estimated payments immediately — you are no longer in a tax-free state. Begin unpacking with essentials.
Demographics
South Dakota at a Glance
Household Income
Under $25K 15%
$25K–50K 19.4%
$50K–75K 18%
$75K–100K 14.5%
$100K–150K 18.2%
$150K+ 14.8%
Age Distribution
Under 20 26.9%
20–29 14%
30–39 13.7%
40–49 11.3%
50–59 10.5%
60+ 23.5%
Education Level
Less than High School 7.2%
High School 28.5%
Some College 31.6%
Bachelor's Degree 22.2%
Graduate Degree 10.6%
South Dakota's demographic profile reflects a small, predominantly rural state with one growing metro area. Sioux Falls accounts for a disproportionate share of the state's economic output, population growth, and demographic diversity. Statewide, household incomes are close to the national median, boosted by the absence of state income tax and a low cost of living that makes moderate salaries stretch further. Education levels are moderate — the concentration of universities in Brookings, Vermillion, and Aberdeen produces a steady flow of graduates, many of whom leave the state for larger job markets. South Dakota has a younger-than-average population in some measures, driven by a relatively high birth rate and the presence of young military families at Ellsworth Air Force Base. The state has a significant Native American population, particularly in the western half and on the Pine Ridge and Rosebud reservations. Income distribution is relatively flat compared to states with major metro areas — there are fewer extremes of wealth and poverty, though rural poverty remains a challenge.
State Comparisons
How South Dakota Compares to Popular Moving Destinations
Side-by-side data for the states most South Dakota residents move to.
Moving to Minnesota From South Dakota
| Metric | South Dakota | Minnesota |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,465 | $88,422 |
| Median Home Value | $255,997 | $343,391 |
| Median Age | 37.3 | 36.3 |
| Commute Time | 16.9 minutes | 21.9 minutes |
| College Educated | 32.8% | 46.2% |
| Poverty Rate | 12.3% | 12.1% |
Minnesota — specifically Minneapolis–Saint Paul — is the most common destination for South Dakota residents. The Twin Cities offer a dramatically larger job market in healthcare, technology, finance, retail (Target, Best Buy, UnitedHealth Group), and corporate headquarters. Minneapolis is the closest major metro to Sioux Falls, just three and a half hours east on Interstate 90 and Interstate 35. The trade-off is significant: Minnesota has one of the highest state income tax rates in the country, topping out at 9.85 percent compared to South Dakota's zero. Housing costs in the Twin Cities are higher than Sioux Falls, and winters are comparable in severity. For many South Dakotans, the career opportunities justify the tax hit — but it is a real financial decision.
Moving to Nebraska From South Dakota
| Metric | South Dakota | Nebraska |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,465 | $72,359 |
| Median Home Value | $255,997 | $227,508 |
| Median Age | 37.3 | 36.1 |
| Commute Time | 16.9 minutes | 18.8 minutes |
| College Educated | 32.8% | 34.7% |
| Poverty Rate | 12.3% | 12.3% |
Nebraska draws South Dakota residents — particularly from the southern part of the state — seeking a moderately larger economy while staying in the Great Plains. Omaha offers a growing job market in finance (Berkshire Hathaway, Mutual of Omaha), technology, healthcare, and logistics. Lincoln provides government and university employment. Nebraska has a state income tax (top rate of 5.84 percent), so the move involves taking on a tax burden that did not exist in South Dakota. Housing costs are comparable, and the cultural transition is minimal. For South Dakotans who want career growth without a dramatic lifestyle change, Nebraska is a natural next step.
Moving to Colorado From South Dakota
| Metric | South Dakota | Colorado |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,465 | $96,496 |
| Median Home Value | $255,997 | $571,322 |
| Median Age | 37.3 | 36.5 |
| Commute Time | 16.9 minutes | 24.5 minutes |
| College Educated | 32.8% | 49% |
| Poverty Rate | 12.3% | 10.3% |
Colorado attracts South Dakota residents seeking mountain recreation, a larger and more diverse economy, and a different lifestyle. Denver's economy spans technology, aerospace, energy, healthcare, and outdoor recreation. Colorado Springs offers military employment (multiple installations) and a lower cost of living than Denver. Colorado's flat income tax rate of 4.4 percent is lower than many states but represents a new tax burden for South Dakotans. Housing costs in the Denver metro are significantly higher than anywhere in South Dakota. The distance — Sioux Falls to Denver is about ten hours — makes this a committed long-distance move, but one that many South Dakotans find worthwhile for the lifestyle upgrade.
Moving to Texas From South Dakota
| Metric | South Dakota | Texas |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,465 | $76,235 |
| Median Home Value | $255,997 | $304,205 |
| Median Age | 37.3 | 34.7 |
| Commute Time | 16.9 minutes | 25.4 minutes |
| College Educated | 32.8% | 35.6% |
| Poverty Rate | 12.3% | 15.8% |
Texas draws South Dakota residents seeking warm weather without giving up the tax advantage — Texas also has no state income tax. Dallas–Fort Worth, Houston, Austin, and San Antonio each offer massive job markets that dwarf anything in South Dakota. Housing costs vary by metro but are generally affordable by national standards. The distance is significant — Sioux Falls to Dallas is about 900 miles — and the cultural and climate shift is dramatic. For South Dakotans who are tired of harsh winters and want career diversity without adding a state income tax, Texas is the most logical destination.
Moving to Arizona From South Dakota
| Metric | South Dakota | Arizona |
|---|---|---|
| Median Income | $72,465 | $82,118 |
| Median Home Value | $255,997 | $410,149 |
| Median Age | 37.3 | 38.1 |
| Commute Time | 16.9 minutes | 25.2 minutes |
| College Educated | 32.8% | 33.6% |
| Poverty Rate | 12.3% | 12.9% |
Arizona attracts South Dakota residents — especially retirees — seeking warm winters, sunshine, and an escape from the Great Plains cold. Phoenix and Scottsdale offer a growing economy with employment in healthcare, technology, finance, and aerospace. Tucson provides a more affordable and relaxed alternative. Arizona's state income tax has been reduced to a flat 2.5 percent, which is a new cost for South Dakotans but quite low nationally. Housing costs in Phoenix are moderate by Western standards and comparable to or slightly higher than Sioux Falls. The lifestyle change is dramatic — from Great Plains winters to Sonoran Desert sunshine — and many South Dakota retirees find the trade-off well worth it.
Common Routes
Where People From South Dakota Move
The most popular destinations for residents leaving South Dakota, based on migration patterns.
MN
Minnesota
Popular cities: Minneapolis, St. Paul, Rochester, Duluth
NE
Nebraska
Popular cities: Omaha, Lincoln, Bellevue, Grand Island
CO
Colorado
Popular cities: Denver, Colorado Springs, Aurora, Fort Collins
TX
Texas
Popular cities: Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Austin
AZ
Arizona
Popular cities: Phoenix, Tucson, Mesa, Gilbert
FAQ
Common Questions About Moving From South Dakota
How much does it cost to move out of South Dakota?
Moves to neighboring states like Minnesota or Nebraska run $1,500–$3,500 for a 2-bedroom. Moves to Colorado or Texas range from $2,500–$6,000. Cross-country runs $4,500–$9,000. South Dakota's lower carrier volume may require booking earlier. Get 3–5 quotes for your route.
Where do most people from South Dakota move to?
The most common destinations are Minnesota, Nebraska, Colorado, Texas, and Arizona. Minnesota draws professionals seeking a larger job market. Colorado and Texas attract those seeking lifestyle changes. Arizona and Texas appeal to retirees wanting warmer weather.
When is the cheapest time to move from South Dakota?
Late fall and winter (November through February) offer the lowest rates, but South Dakota winters can be severe with blizzards and road closures. September and October provide the best balance of tolerable weather and reasonable pricing. Avoid summer weekends for the best availability and rates.
Will I pay more in taxes after leaving South Dakota?
Almost certainly yes. South Dakota has no state income tax. Moving to Minnesota means a top rate of 9.85 percent. Colorado charges 4.4 percent. Nebraska charges up to 5.84 percent. Texas and Wyoming also have no income tax. Calculate the exact impact on your household before moving.
How do I choose a mover for a long-distance move from South Dakota?
Compare at least 3 quotes from licensed interstate movers. Verify USDOT numbers, check FMCSA records, and look for experience with your route. Carrier availability is lower in South Dakota than in larger states, so start your search 8–10 weeks in advance. MoveFinch screens movers for South Dakota routes.
Are there enough movers available in smaller South Dakota cities?
Carrier availability in cities like Aberdeen, Pierre, Brookings, and Watertown is limited compared to Sioux Falls or Rapid City. You may need to coordinate a pickup from a larger hub city or accept fewer carrier options. Starting your search early gives you the best chance of finding availability.
How long does a long-distance move from South Dakota take?
Moves to Minnesota or Nebraska take 1–3 days. Moves to Colorado take 2–4 days. Moves to Texas or Arizona take 4–7 days. Cross-country to the coasts takes 7–14 days. Get delivery windows in writing from your mover.
Do I need to update my driver's license after leaving South Dakota?
Yes. Most states require a new driver's license within 30 to 90 days of establishing residency. Bring your South Dakota license, proof of new address, identity documents, and Social Security card. Check your destination state's specific requirements.
Should I move myself or hire professional movers?
For shorter moves to Minnesota or Nebraska, a rental truck can save money — especially if you are comfortable driving long distances. For moves over 1,000 miles, professional movers are usually worth the cost. Factor in weather risk, mountain passes (for Colorado moves), and your comfort with a large vehicle.
What should I know about moving from Ellsworth Air Force Base?
Military families receiving PCS orders from Ellsworth should coordinate with the Transportation Management Office as early as possible. Summer PCS season is busy nationwide, and Rapid City's limited carrier options make early booking essential. Compare government-arranged moves with personally procured moves for the best financial outcome.
Making the Decision to Leave South Dakota
South Dakota offers something that is genuinely rare in America: a high quality of life at an extremely low cost, with no state income tax to erode your earnings. For many residents, that combination is enough to stay for life. But for those who need career options that a state of fewer than 900,000 people simply cannot provide — or who are worn down by winters that test human endurance — the decision to leave is about pursuing something that does not exist within the state's borders rather than rejecting what does.
The financial calculation is important. Leaving South Dakota almost certainly means paying state income tax for the first time, unless you are heading to Texas, Wyoming, or another no-income-tax state. Minnesota's 9.85 percent top rate can cost a Sioux Falls family thousands of dollars per year. Make sure the career advancement or lifestyle improvement you are seeking justifies the new tax burden. Run the numbers before committing.
If you are considering a move from South Dakota, start with accurate cost estimates for your route. South Dakota's lower carrier volume means you should begin gathering quotes earlier than you would in a larger state — 8 to 10 weeks is ideal. Comparing quotes from multiple screened movers gives you a real number to budget around. From there, you can decide whether the opportunities elsewhere are worth leaving one of the most affordable and tax-friendly states in the country.
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